These are the latest official numbers on how Indians save, invest, borrow and insure, and each one carries its source and date. If you are still building your plan, read this next to our investing guide for beginners to advanced, then use the statistics below as a reality check.
Every figure comes from a government body or an industry regulator: the NSO, RBI, AMFI, NSDL, CDSL, PFRDA, EPFO and the Press Information Bureau. Where we did the arithmetic ourselves, we say so. Where an official number does not exist, we say that too.
1. Key Takeaways: 10 Headline Statistics
Indian households saved about Rs 69 lakh crore in 2024-25, or 21.7% of GDP, and a growing slice now goes into markets. SIPs brought in Rs 32,490 crore in September 2026, and 24 crore demat accounts now exist. Credit cards, personal loans and insurance cover tell the other half of the story.
- Household gross savings: Rs 69.01 lakh crore in 2024-25, 21.7% of GDP (NSO; our calculation).
- Net financial saving: 7.1% of GDP in 2024-25, up from 5.9% in 2023-24 (NSO; our calculation).
- SIP inflow: Rs 32,490 crore in September 2026, 10.7% above September 2025 (AMFI).
- SIP accounts: 10.06 crore contributing accounts in September 2026 (AMFI).
- Mutual fund assets: Rs 82.64 lakh crore across 28.62 crore folios on 30 September 2026 (AMFI).
- Demat accounts: 24.06 crore at NSDL and CDSL combined on 30 September 2026 (our sum of the two).
- Credit cards: 12.41 crore in force in August 2026 (RBI).
- Personal loans: up 16.9% year on year in August 2026 (RBI).
- Insurance penetration: 3.7% of GDP in 2024-25, with premium per person at USD 97 (IRDAI figures via PIB).
- Retirement: 2.35 crore NPS subscribers with Rs 17.39 lakh crore under management on 11 October 2026 (PFRDA).
2. Savings: Household Savings Rate, Bank Deposits and FD Trends
What is the household savings rate?
Short answer: households saved Rs 69.01 lakh crore in 2024-25, which is 21.7% of GDP. They also made up 62.1% of all saving in the economy. The 2025-26 household split is not in the latest NSO release, so 2024-25 is the newest official year.
| Measure (current prices) | 2022-23 | 2023-24 | 2024-25 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gross saving, whole economy (Rs lakh crore) | 77.73 | 95.17 | 111.13 |
| Household gross saving (Rs lakh crore) | 52.25 | 59.64 | 69.01 |
| Household share of gross saving | 67.2% | 62.7% | 62.1% |
| Household gross saving as % of GDP (our calculation) | 20.0% | 20.6% | 21.7% |
| Gross financial saving (Rs lakh crore) | 29.82 | 35.76 | 38.28 |
| Financial liabilities, such as loans (Rs lakh crore) | 15.96 | 18.79 | 15.71 |
| Net financial saving (Rs lakh crore, our calculation) | 13.86 | 16.97 | 22.57 |
| Net financial saving as % of GDP (our calculation) | 5.3% | 5.9% | 7.1% |
The jump in 2024-25 has a simple cause. Households added more to financial assets (Rs 38.28 lakh crore) while financial liabilities fell to Rs 15.71 lakh crore from Rs 18.79 lakh crore. Saving more and borrowing less in the same year is what lifts the net number.
Not all saving is financial. In 2024-25 households put Rs 44.25 lakh crore into physical assets such as property, and Rs 2.18 lakh crore into gold and silver ornaments (NSO). One caution: this is the new series with base year 2022-23, so do not compare these percentages with older-series figures you may have seen elsewhere.
Where do savings go? Deposits are losing share
Short answer: deposits took more than 58% of annual household financial savings in FY12 and around 35% in FY25. Equity and mutual funds went from about 2% to over 15.2% over the same stretch, according to the Economic Survey 2025-26.
| Statistic | Figure | Source and date |
|---|---|---|
| Deposits, share of annual household financial savings | Over 58% (FY12) to about 35% (FY25); low of 31.9% in FY22 | Economic Survey 2025-26, Jan 2026 |
| Equity and mutual funds, share of annual household financial savings | About 2% (FY12) to over 15.2% (FY25) | Economic Survey 2025-26 |
| Equity and investment funds, share of household financial assets | 15.7% (March 2019) to 23% (March 2025) | Economic Survey 2025-26, citing RBI |
| Insurance and pension funds, share of household financial assets | 28.6% (FY19) to 29.6% (FY25) | PIB backgrounder, 23 Apr 2026 |
| Individual investors, share of equity ownership | 14.3% (FY19) to 18.8% (September 2025) | Economic Survey 2025-26 |
| Individuals’ equity holdings | About Rs 84 lakh crore (Sept 2025) vs Rs 8 lakh crore (FY14) | Economic Survey 2025-26 |
| Corporate bond market vs equity market cap | About 16-17% of GDP vs over 130% of GDP | Economic Survey 2025-26 |
That last row matters for fixed income. If you hold deposits for safety, our comparison of FDs, debt funds and liquid funds shows where each one fits. And whether a deposit rate actually beats price rises depends on which inflation number you trust, which we unpack in why real inflation differs from the official CPI.
3. Investing: SIP Inflows, Demat Accounts, Mutual Fund AUM and Gold
How much do Indians invest through SIPs every month?
Short answer: Rs 32,490 crore in September 2026, from 10.06 crore contributing accounts. That is 10.7% more than the Rs 29,361 crore of September 2025 (our calculation from AMFI figures).
| SIP statistic | Figure | Source and date |
|---|---|---|
| Monthly SIP collection | Rs 32,490 crore (Sept 2026); Rs 32,297 crore (Aug); Rs 31,961 crore (July) | AMFI, Sept 2026 |
| Same month a year earlier | Rs 29,361 crore (Sept 2025) | AMFI |
| SIP collection, April to September 2026 | Rs 1,90,598 crore | AMFI |
| SIP collection by financial year | Rs 1,99,219 crore (FY24); Rs 2,89,352 crore (FY25); Rs 3,49,589 crore (FY26) | AMFI |
| Contributing SIP accounts | 10.06 crore (Sept 2026) | AMFI |
| Outstanding SIP accounts | 10.89 crore (Sept 2026) | AMFI |
| New SIPs registered vs discontinued or completed, Sept 2026 | 63.26 lakh vs 49.68 lakh | AMFI |
| Same, full FY26 | 719.22 lakh registered vs 679.75 lakh discontinued or completed | AMFI |
| SIP assets | Rs 17.86 lakh crore (Sept 2026), 21.6% of industry assets (our calculation) | AMFI |
Look at the registrations row again. In FY26 about 720 lakh SIPs were started and about 680 lakh stopped or ran their course. The monthly total keeps rising because people raise amounts and new investors keep joining, not because every SIP lasts.
Mutual fund assets and investors
| Statistic | Figure | Source and date |
|---|---|---|
| Industry assets under management | Rs 82.64 lakh crore (30 Sept 2026), about 5.1% lower than Rs 87.08 lakh crore in August (our calculation) | AMFI monthly reports |
| Assets at financial year-ends | Rs 65.74 lakh crore (March 2025); Rs 73.73 lakh crore (March 2026) | AMFI-Crisil Factbook 2026 |
| Total folios | 28.62 crore (30 Sept 2026); 19.10 crore of them in equity schemes | AMFI, Sept 2026 |
| Unique investors | 6.14 crore (March 2026), up from 5.36 crore (March 2025) | AMFI-Crisil Factbook 2026 |
| Women investors | 34.5% of individual investor assets; Rs 15.88 lakh crore (March 2026) vs Rs 5.84 lakh crore (March 2021) | AMFI-Crisil Factbook 2026 |
| Net inflow into equity schemes, Sept 2026 | Rs 38,307 crore; small cap Rs 9,039 crore, mid cap Rs 7,835 crore, flexi cap Rs 6,702 crore | AMFI, Sept 2026 |
| Net outflow from debt schemes, Sept 2026 | Rs 1,83,156 crore, of which liquid funds Rs 95,743 crore | AMFI, Sept 2026 |
| Whole industry, Sept 2026 | Net outflow of Rs 1,33,376 crore | AMFI, Sept 2026 |
| Passive funds, net inflow in FY26 | Rs 2.07 lakh crore, about 4 times FY21 | AMFI-Crisil Factbook 2026 |
| Mutual fund penetration (assets to GDP) | About 21% in India vs 74% global average | AMFI-Crisil Factbook 2026 |
| Number of fund houses (AMCs) | 51 (March 2026) vs 43 (March 2022) | AMFI-Crisil Factbook 2026 |
Collections and assets tell you what investors put in, not what they take home. The gap between a fund’s advertised return and what a SIP actually earns is the subject of why your SIP returns look nothing like the advertised returns.
How many demat accounts are there?
Short answer: 24.06 crore on 30 September 2026 across the two depositories. That counts accounts, not people. The Economic Survey says unique investors crossed 12 crore in September 2025.
| Statistic | Figure | Source and date |
|---|---|---|
| CDSL investor accounts (excluding closed) | 19,34,06,915 | CDSL, 30 Sept 2026 |
| NSDL active client accounts | 4,71,83,877 | NSDL, 30 Sept 2026 |
| Combined | About 24.06 crore (our sum; the two firms define “active” differently) | NSDL and CDSL |
| NSDL accounts opened vs closed in Sept 2026 | 5,53,358 vs 70,363 | NSDL |
| Demat accounts at end-December 2025 | More than 21.6 crore; 235 lakh added in FY26 up to December | Economic Survey 2025-26 |
| Unique investors | More than 12 crore (Sept 2025), nearly a fourth of them women | Economic Survey 2025-26 |
| Value of securities held at NSDL | Rs 536.45 lakh crore | NSDL, 30 Sept 2026 |
Gold: physical and paper
Gold is still a big household habit, and the paper version is growing. In 2024-25 households saved Rs 2.18 lakh crore in gold and silver ornaments (NSO). Inside the mutual fund system, gold and silver ETFs now hold serious money.
| Statistic | Figure | Source and date |
|---|---|---|
| Gold ETF assets | Rs 1,86,310 crore | AMFI, 30 Sept 2026 |
| Gold ETF folios | 1.27 crore (1,26,77,259) | AMFI, 30 Sept 2026 |
| Gold ETF net inflow in September | Rs 4,451 crore | AMFI, Sept 2026 |
| Silver ETF assets | Rs 81,636 crore, with 53.1 lakh folios | AMFI, 30 Sept 2026 |
| Silver ETF net inflow in September | Rs 1,974 crore | AMFI, Sept 2026 |
4. Debt: Personal Loans, Credit Card Outstanding and Home Loans
How fast are loans growing?
Short answer: personal loans grew 16.9% year on year in August 2026, against 11.9% a year earlier. The RBI says housing and vehicle loans kept growing at double digits, while credit card outstanding and loans against gold jewellery slowed.
| Statistic | Figure | Source and date |
|---|---|---|
| Personal loans, year-on-year growth | 16.9% (Aug 2026) vs 11.9% a year earlier | RBI press release, 30 Sept 2026 |
| Housing and vehicle loans | Double-digit growth sustained (no exact rate in the release) | RBI press release, 30 Sept 2026 |
| Credit card outstanding and gold-jewellery loans | Growth slowed (no exact rate in the release) | RBI press release, 30 Sept 2026 |
If you are carrying a home loan, rate decisions move your EMI directly. We explain how in what RBI rate decisions mean for your home loan EMI.
How much credit card debt do Indians have?
Short answer: the RBI card statistics we use do not publish an unpaid-balance figure. They publish the number of cards and how much is spent on them. In August 2026 there were 12.41 crore credit cards in force and spending on them ran past Rs 2 lakh crore in the month. Spending is not debt, because much of it is paid off.
| Statistic | Figure | Source and date |
|---|---|---|
| Credit cards in force | 12.41 crore (12,40,53,544) | RBI card statistics, Aug 2026 (provisional) |
| Debit cards in force | 103.68 crore | RBI card statistics, Aug 2026 |
| Four largest issuers | HDFC Bank 2.71 crore, SBI 2.30 crore, ICICI Bank 1.98 crore, Axis Bank 1.63 crore | RBI card statistics, Aug 2026 |
| Their combined share of all credit cards | 69.5% (our calculation) | RBI card statistics, Aug 2026 |
| Credit card spend at point-of-sale terminals | Rs 79,355 crore across 30.88 crore transactions | RBI card statistics, Aug 2026 |
| Credit card spend online | Rs 1,22,980 crore across 31.95 crore transactions | RBI card statistics, Aug 2026 |
| Online share of point-of-sale plus online spend | 60.8% (our calculation) | RBI card statistics, Aug 2026 |
Cards are also where instalment offers live. Before you convert a purchase into EMIs, read our breakdown of the hidden charges in no-cost EMI.
5. Insurance: Penetration and the Protection Gap
Short answer: insurance premiums were 3.7% of GDP in 2024-25, split into 2.7% for life and 1.0% for non-life. Premium per person was USD 97. India is the 10th largest insurance market in the world by premium, with a 1.8% share globally.
| Statistic | Figure | Source and date |
|---|---|---|
| Insurance penetration (premium as % of GDP) | 3.7% total; 2.7% life; 1.0% non-life | IRDAI figures via PIB, 2024-25 |
| Insurance density (premium per person) | USD 97 | IRDAI figures via PIB, 2024-25 |
| Global rank by premium | 10th, with a 1.8% share | Swiss Re, via PIB, 19 Jan 2026 |
| Policies issued | 41.84 crore | PIB, FY 2024-25 |
| Premium collected | Rs 11.93 lakh crore | PIB, FY 2024-25 |
| Claims paid | Rs 8.36 lakh crore, equal to 70.1% of premium collected (our calculation) | PIB, FY 2024-25 |
| Assets under management | Rs 74.44 lakh crore (31 March 2025) | PIB, FY 2024-25 |
| Life insurance share | About 74% of premium and 91% of assets | PIB backgrounder, 23 Apr 2026 |
| Health insurance share of non-life premium | 41%, ahead of motor | PIB backgrounder, 23 Apr 2026 |
| Insurers and distribution | 74 insurers; about 83 lakh agents, point-of-sale persons and institutional partners | PIB backgrounder, 23 Apr 2026 |
What the protection gap looks like in government schemes
No single official “protection gap” number exists in the sources we use, so we do not invent one. What we can show is how many people hold the cheapest government covers, which is where most uninsured households start.
| Scheme | Reach | Source and date |
|---|---|---|
| PMJJBY (life cover Rs 2 lakh, Rs 436 a year) | 26.88 crore gross enrolments; 10,45,450 claims paid | PIB, as of Feb 2026 |
| PMSBY (accident cover, Rs 20 a year) | 57.11 crore enrolments; 1.76 lakh claims paid | PIB, as of Feb 2026 |
| Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY (Rs 5 lakh per family per year) | 43.52 crore Ayushman cards created | PIB, 28 Feb 2026 |
| PM Fasal Bima Yojana (crop cover) | 93.98 crore applications; claims of Rs 1,94,505.9 crore paid | PIB, as of 13 Mar 2026 |
Two rule changes lowered the cost of cover. GST on individual life and health policies, including family floaters, was removed from 22 September 2025, when it was 18%. And the moratorium period in health insurance, after which claims cannot be denied for non-disclosure except in proven fraud, was cut from 8 years to 60 months in 2024.
6. Retirement: EPF, NPS and PPF Numbers
EPF
| Statistic | Figure | Source and date |
|---|---|---|
| EPF interest rate | 8.25% for FY 2024-25 (declared); 8.25% recommended for FY 2025-26, pending government notification | EPFO CBT meeting, PIB, 2 Mar 2026 |
| Total contributions in FY 2024-25 | Rs 3,35,628.81 crore | EPFO, FY 2024-25 |
| New members enrolled in FY 2024-25 | 1,22,89,244 | EPFO |
| New establishments covered | 2,86,894 | EPFO |
| Pensioners served | 81,48,490 | EPFO |
| Claims settled | 6,01,59,608, including 69,983 EDLI claims | EPFO |
| Pilot for inoperative accounts with Rs 1,000 or less | Over 1.33 lakh accounts, nearly Rs 5.68 crore | EPFO CBT, 2 Mar 2026 |
NPS, APY and PPF
| Statistic | Figure | Source and date |
|---|---|---|
| NPS subscribers | 2.35 crore | PFRDA, 11 Oct 2026 |
| NPS assets under management | Rs 17,39,011 crore | PFRDA, 11 Oct 2026 |
| Atal Pension Yojana subscribers | 8.05 crore (active accounts only) | PFRDA, 11 Oct 2026 |
| Atal Pension Yojana assets | Rs 58,150 crore | PFRDA, 11 Oct 2026 |
| PPF interest rate | 7.1% a year; small-savings rates left unchanged for Oct to Dec 2026 | Dept of Economic Affairs, 30 Sept 2026 |
One thing stands out: EPF and PPF rates are set by the government, while NPS returns depend on markets. The three are not interchangeable, which is why the mix matters more than any single number here.
7. Methodology and Sources (With Dates)
We publish a number only after reading it in the original table, press release or report. Where a source gives one ratio and we need another, we calculate it and label it “our calculation”. Here is exactly how:
- Household gross saving as % of GDP: household gross saving divided by nominal GDP at current prices, using the NSO figures for each year (Rs 69,00,602 crore divided by Rs 3,18,07,309 crore gives 21.7% for 2024-25).
- Net financial saving: gross financial saving minus financial liabilities of households, from the same NSO statement, then divided by GDP.
- Growth rates we computed: September 2026 SIP collection against September 2025, and the fall in mutual fund assets from August to September 2026.
- Combined demat accounts: a simple sum of the CDSL and NSDL counts for 30 September 2026. The two define “active” slightly differently.
Left out on purpose: the RBI’s 2025-26 household financial flows and its household debt-to-GDP ratio. We will add them once we can read the original RBI tables, instead of repeating figures from secondary summaries. The same rule is why there is no credit card unpaid-balance figure on this page.
NSO / MoSPI: new series of GDP estimates with base year 2022-23 (PIB, 27 Feb 2026)
Economic Survey 2025-26, Chapter 3 (Ministry of Finance, Jan 2026)
AMFI SIP data table, September 2026; AMFI monthly report, September 2026; AMFI-Crisil Factbook 2026
NSDL at a Glance, 30 Sept 2026; CDSL investor accounts, 30 Sept 2026
RBI: Sectoral Deployment of Bank Credit, August 2026 (30 Sept 2026); RBI: Bankwise ATM/POS/Card Statistics, August 2026
PIB backgrounder: Insurance for All (23 Apr 2026); PIB: DFS Secretary address on insurance growth (19 Jan 2026)
PIB: 239th EPF Central Board of Trustees meeting (2 Mar 2026)
PFRDA: NPS and APY milestones, 11 Oct 2026
Department of Economic Affairs: small savings rates, Q3 FY 2026-27 (30 Sept 2026)
How to cite this page
Please link back and credit the original source named beside each number. A suggested citation: Must Read Digest (2026), “Indian Personal Finance Statistics”, updated 21 October 2026, https://mustreaddigest.com/finance/indian-personal-finance-statistics/. The charts on this page are free to reuse with a link to this page. We refresh the page monthly when AMFI and the depositories publish new data.
8. FAQ
What is India’s household savings rate in 2026?
The newest official figure is for 2024-25. The NSO put household gross saving at Rs 69.01 lakh crore, which is 21.7% of GDP by our calculation, and 62.1% of all saving in the economy. Net financial saving, which subtracts loans, was about 7.1% of GDP. Figures for 2025-26 by household sector are not in that release yet.
How much do Indians invest through SIPs every month?
Rs 32,490 crore in September 2026, according to AMFI. That came from 10.06 crore contributing SIP accounts and was 10.7% higher than September 2025. Over the whole of FY26, SIPs collected Rs 3,49,589 crore.
How much credit card debt do Indians have?
There is no unpaid-balance figure in the RBI card statistics. They show 12.41 crore credit cards in force in August 2026 and about Rs 2.02 lakh crore of spending that month (point-of-sale plus online, our sum). Spending is not debt, since much of it is repaid within the interest-free period. The RBI’s credit data says growth in credit card outstanding slowed in August 2026.
What is insurance penetration in India?
Insurance penetration was 3.7% of GDP in 2024-25: 2.7% for life insurance and 1.0% for non-life. Premium per person was USD 97.
Where do I start once I know these numbers?
Start with how your own income splits across saving, investing, protection and debt. Our guide to how much of your salary should go where turns the national averages above into a plan you can set up this month.
